All are allowed to participate in consensus and

anonymous resilient.

Authorized nodes only can participate in

consensus.

Truly decentralized because of the participation of

unknown actors.

Partially

decentralized

because

of

the

participation of known actors.

Highly secure due to more participants.

Also, secure depending on the size of the network.

Finality of transaction could take a longer time

due to more number of participants in the network

compared to the private network.

The finality of transactions could be better in this

model due to less number of participants

compared to public networks.

Some consensus algorithms are better for public

networks, such as Proof of Work, BFT variants,

and so on.

Some consensus algorithms are better for private

networks, such as Proof of Elapsed Time, Paxos,

RAFT, Proof of Stake, and so on.

Table 7 .1: Blockchain models

Value addition of the technology in the e-Governance domain

In the e-governance domain, usage of blockchain technology ensures vigilance

and transparency and possibly avoids insider attacks on the crucial data related

to governance matters. The key features of e-Governance are trust and

accountability, which are very well supported by blockchain technology.

Because every data or transaction that is recorded in blockchain is near

impossible to tamper with and also due to consensus-based transaction data

replication across blockchain distributed nodes, this technology assures trust

among its stakeholders in the digital world. The trust is specially brought in

since all the stakeholders access the same source of truth in terms of

application data stored on the blockchain network.

This kind of technology can bring significant changes in e-governance where

several services have a societal impact. For example, in the educational

system, student’s certificates, scholarship details, and so on can be stored in a

blockchain network. Various stakeholders such as educational institutions,

different departments entrusted with the disbursement of scholarships, and

respective administrative boards can become partners and have student’s

records stored on a consensus basis. Likewise, in the supply chain domain, the

track and trace capability of the blockchain network makes it possible to avoid

any inadvertent mistakes or insider attacks with regard to data maintenance

across various stakeholders.

Thus, this technology can effectively be used in situations where multiple

organizations or departments are involved in a particular workflow, which not